Systèmes CVCA commerciaux :choisir le meilleur équipement de refroidissement et de chauffage pour votre bâtiment
Les systèmes CVC commerciaux sont un aspect crucial de tout bâtiment. Le maintien de la température, l'humidité, la qualité de l'air et bien plus encore dépendent d'un système CVC qui fonctionne bien. En cas d'échec, vous pouvez faire face à une perte malheureuse de revenus, de réparations et de clientèle. Il est donc extrêmement important de maintenir ces systèmes bien entretenus et de les faire osciller tout au long de l'année.
En raison de leur grande échelle, les systèmes de chauffage et de refroidissement commerciaux peuvent être complexes et difficiles à comprendre. Voici une ventilation simple de tout ce que vous devez savoir pour maintenir les climatiseurs commerciaux en excellent état !
Composants clés des systèmes CVC commerciaux
Il existe plusieurs types de systèmes de chauffage et de refroidissement commerciaux, mais tous ont les composants essentiels suivants :
1. Unité de climatisation
Cette partie d'un système HVAC commercial est chargée d'abaisser ou d'augmenter la température à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment en travaillant avec d'autres sous-systèmes.
2. Traitement de l'air
L'appareil de traitement de l'air souffle de l'air refroidi ou réchauffé dans le bâtiment, puis renvoie l'air dans le système. Il a des serpentins d'évaporateur contenant du réfrigérant et un ventilateur.
3. Compresseur
C'est une partie très importante d'un système CVC. Il modifie le volume, la densité et la température du réfrigérant.
4. Condenseur
Le condenseur reçoit le réfrigérant du compresseur et le transforme en liquide. Cela sert d'échangeur de chaleur du système HVAC. Lors du refroidissement, il expulse la chaleur de votre bâtiment et lors du chauffage, il récupère la chaleur de l'extérieur.
5. Détendeur Thermique
Cela refroidit le réfrigérant liquide à pomper dans les serpentins.
6. Unités terminales
Ces unités contrôlent la quantité d'air entrant dans chaque zone par les conduits. Ils ont également des filtres à air pour garder l'air exempt de saleté et de débris.
7. Thermostat
Il signale à votre système HVAC de produire de l'air froid ou chaud en fonction de la plage de température définie. Les bâtiments commerciaux peuvent avoir plusieurs thermostats installés dans différentes pièces.
8. Conduits
La plupart des unités de conduits commerciales ont un système de conduits qui aide à distribuer l'air conditionné dans tout le bâtiment.
9. Refroidisseurs
Ce sont les éléments de refroidissement d'une grande unité HVAC commerciale. Les refroidisseurs extraient la chaleur du liquide circulant dans les tuyaux d'un bâtiment. Certaines unités CVC ont des refroidisseurs refroidis par air, tandis que d'autres ont des refroidisseurs refroidis par eau.
Types de systèmes CVC commerciaux
Il existe plusieurs options pour choisir un système de chauffage et de climatisation commercial. Chaque type a ses avantages et ses inconvénients, il est donc important de considérer vos besoins spécifiques avant de décider. Il peut être assez déroutant de noter tous les détails, il est donc toujours bon de discuter avec un professionnel après avoir réduit vos options. Examinons en détail tous les types de climatisation commerciale :
1. Climatiseur intégré
Un climatiseur monobloc commercial est similaire à un climatiseur de fenêtre, mais de taille beaucoup plus grande. Ces climatiseurs commerciaux ont une capacité de chauffage et de refroidissement supérieure allant de 3 à 15 tonnes.
Packaged ACs have an all-in-one design containing a condenser, compressor, fan coil, and evaporator. These are usually mounted outside or on roofs in buildings such as senior homes, hospitals, and condominiums. The conditioned air is spread throughout the building by a network of ducts hidden in the ceiling.
| PROS | CONS |
| Low installation costs | Limited life span |
| Simple maintenance requirements | High refrigerant costs |
| Quiet operation | High sensitivity to blocked air filters |
2. Split System
As the name suggests, a split system has two parts; an indoor and an outdoor unit. Commercial split air conditioners further have two types:
- Single-Split System
This is an affordable, energy-efficient commercial heating and cooling option for small buildings, cafes, server rooms, or shops. They are ideal for individual room cooling but can be used in combinations to condition multiple rooms. However, because each air conditioning unit needs a separate outdoor unit, this clutters the external space of the building.
| PROS | CONS |
| Ideal for small spaces | Multiple outdoor units clutter the space |
| Energy efficient | Not suitable for large buildings |
| Can be used as an additional source of air conditioning |
|
| Less expensive to install |
- Multi-Split System
In a multi-split system, one outdoor unit operates multiple inside indoor units. These systems require extensive pipework and, if not installed properly, can reduce the efficiency of your system.
Multi-split system is better suited for medium-sized buildings like restaurants or retail shops.
| PROS | CONS |
| It takes up less space | Higher installation cost |
| Preserves the building’s external appearance | Lots of pipework is needed |
| Ductwork isn’t required | Not suitable for small commercial spaces |
3. Heat Pump
A heat pump heats or cools a building by transferring heat outside in the summers and inside in the winters. Since heat pumps do not generate heat, they can efficiently maintain comfortable temperatures. However, they’re not suitable in areas with extreme climate conditions.
Heat pumps can be ducted as well as ductless. Ducted heat pumps are suitable for larger areas but require extensive ductwork. Ductless heat pumps are ideal for supplemental or individual room cooling.
| PROS | CONS |
| Most energy efficient | Not suitable for colder climates below 40 degrees |
| Require less maintenance | Installing/cleaning ducts can be a hassle |
| Do not produce carbon monoxide | |
| Great for large and medium-sized buildings | |
| Quick installation if ductwork is installed |
4. Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) or Variable Refrigerant Volume (VRV)
VRF or VRV is a ductless system that uses the minimum energy to attain the required temperature. It varies the refrigerant volume to match the precise requirements of a building. If the system requires more cooling, more refrigerant will enter the pipes. Because of varied compressor speed and no duct involvement, these units are considered much more efficient than the traditional HVAC units. Its mechanism results in lower energy costs and the long-term sustainability of the unit.
| PROS | CONS | |
| Saves energy bills | Expensive equipment | |
| Suitable for spaces with variable cooling or heating requirements | Takes a lot of space | |
| Better humidity and temperature control | Backup condenser is required in case of a malfunction |
Make Any Commercial Cooling &Heating Equipment Smart
Maintaining a consistent temperature throughout your building while considering the different needs of the inhabitants can be quite challenging and time-consuming. But not if you pair your commercial HVAC system with a smart thermostat (for ducted) or a smart AC controller (for ductless).
These smart devices allow you to automate your building’s climate. You can set schedules and have different settings for different days of the week. Moreover, you can create zones and set customizable temperature regions within the building.
With all the next-gen features like temperature/humidity-based triggers, geofencing, usage history, and much more, you can save up to 25% on energy bills.
How to Choose a Suitable Commercial HVAC System?
When it comes to choosing an air conditioning unit for commercial use, the following factors are important to consider:
- Building design
- Energy efficiency
- Climate conditions
- Air quality
The first step is to determine the heating and cooling requirements of the space. This will vary depending on the type of business and the number of people that occupy the building.
Next, consider the building’s energy efficiency. In general, newer buildings are better insulated and require less energy to heat and cool. However, older buildings can often be retrofitted with energy-efficient windows, doors, and insulation.
Climate conditions are also an important consideration. For example, mini-splits won’t work when heat waves hit if the building is in an extremely hot and humid climate.
Finally, air quality is another important factor to consider. Indoor air quality can be affected by a number of factors, including off-gassing from building materials, cleaning products, and office equipment. To ensure proper airflow and filtration, it’s important to choose an HVAC system that is sized appropriately for the space and ventilation needs.
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Out of Stock$68$99Is Commercial Building HVAC System Maintenance Worth the Expense?
A typical commercial building HVAC system is a complex network of air conditioning components, including air ducts, air filters, coils, and blowers. To keep this system running smoothly, it is important to perform regular maintenance.
Usually, commercial HVAC maintenance may be too costly, but it saves a lot in the long run. For example, regular maintenance can extend the durability of your equipment. Additionally, properly maintained HVAC systems tend to have lower operating costs, so you’ll save money on your energy bills each month. Finally, regular maintenance can help ensure the comfort of your tenants or customers by keeping the temperature and humidity always at a comfortable level. When you weigh all the factors, it’s clear that investing in maintenance for your commercial HVAC system is a thrifty decision.
Here are the most important things to tick off your regular HVAC maintenance list:
- Inspect air filters and clean or replace them as needed
- Clean the condenser and evaporator lines
- Check for blockages in the air ducts
- Inspect the drain lines to ensure they’re not clogged
- Test the thermostat readings to make sure it’s accurate
Additionally, follow these detailed commercial HVAC maintenance tips to ensure your system runs smoothly and efficiently throughout the year.
How Do Commercial Air Conditioners Differ From Residential Systems?
When it comes to climate control, commercial HVAC systems are in a class of their own. These heavy-duty systems are designed to cool or heat large spaces quickly and efficiently.
Here’s a closer look at some of the key ways that commercial units differ from residential HVAC systems.
| Commercial HVAC System | Residential HVAC System | |
| Size | Larger | Smaller |
| Operating Power | More powerful | Less powerful |
| Placement | Roofs or utility rooms | Inside homes |
| Cost | Less expensive | More expensive |
| Maintenance | Requires less maintenance | High maintenance |
| Drainage | Complex | Simple |
Commercial HVAC systems are a vital part of any business, and it’s important to understand the different types and how they work before making a purchase. By considering factors such as size, usage, and climate, you can choose the best system for your needs and ensure that your employees or customers stay comfortable all year long. Maintenance is important for any commercial air conditioner, but the cost-benefit analysis can be tricky. However, carrying out regular AC tune-ups can save you money in the long run.